They also have the potential to impair reactions to large-scale social and occupational changes induced by anomic conditions which place increased demands for a wide range of law enforcement services. These negative coping behaviors can hinder officer resiliency in the wake of traumatic incidents. Consequently, law enforcement officers are more likely than the general population to suffer from depression, experience familial strife, misuse alcohol, and attempt suicide (Wang et al., 2010 Rees & Smith, 2008 Menard & Arter, 2013). Mental health problems among law enforcement personnel are associated with work environment, agency culture, inconsistent shift scheduling, and presumably higher exposure to traumatic events and subsequent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Brown & Campbell, 1990 Collins & Gibbs, 2003 Crank & Caldero, 1991 Marmar et al., 2006). As a result, law enforcement officers suffer from mental health problems at a rate greater than the general population even before dealing with added pandemic challenges, stress, and uncertainty (Hartley et al., 2011). Policing is one of the most mentally taxing occupations contending with long and often rotating shifts, threats of violence, increased need for hypervigilance, and a lack of public support creating chronic stress (Hartley, Burchfiel, Fekedulegn, Andrew, & Violanti, 2011 McCraty & Atkinson, 2012 Paoline, 2003 Terrill, Paoline, & Manning, 2003).

Photo police stress